Contents
- 1
- 2 Planning of diet for coronary disease conditions
- 3 Characteristics of some important lipoproteins
- 4 Chylomicrons
- 5 Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL)
- 6 Intermediatory density lipoprotein ( IDL )
- 7 Low density lepo proteins ( L D L )
- 8 High density lipoprotein (HDL )
- 9 Total cholesterol
- 10 Triglycerides
- 11 Apoproteins
- 12 The normal and elevated levels indicative of disease condition for some of these parameters
In this blog post we shall deal with different types of heart diseases, their etiology, symptoms, complications, as well as, nutrition and dietary management goals. We shall begin our discussions with dyslipidemia / hyperlipidemia which are directly and most closely associated with the development of atherosclerosis. Subsequently we shall learn about hypertension, angina pectoris myocardial infection congestive cardiac failure rheumatic heart disease.
Planning of diet for coronary disease conditions
Dyslipidemia or hyperlipidemia it has been known for a long time now that Dyslipidemia associated with increased severity and prevalence of atherosclerosis. Dyslipidemia is frequently seen in the form of increased concentration of either cholesterol or the triglycerides or frequently the both. There are several types of blood lipid disorder which hold different risk and require somewhat different treatment methods the properties and the total amount of specifically protein present in the blood are used in the diagnosing hyperlipidemia.
Characteristics of some important lipoproteins
blood lipids like cholesterol triglycerides and phospholipids being insoluble in blood need a ship to travel in our body; it therefore to proteins and form complex particles proteins called Lipoproteins which very in size composition and density , composition and density there are 5 classes of lipoproteins in the blood
Chylomicrons
these are formed in the intestine when a fatty meal is taken. These pass into the blood through the lymphatics. It contains nearly 90% of triglyceride and 5% cholesterol.
Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL)
These are produced by the liver and are the main transporters of triglycerides. Vldl generates most of the LDL in the plasma. It contains about 60% of triglycerides and 10% of cholesterol.
Intermediatory density lipoprotein ( IDL )
This is rich in cholesterol and triglyceride. It contains about 40% of triglycerides and 10% of cholesterol.
Low density lepo proteins ( L D L )
This type of lipoprotein is most atherogenic of all the lipoproteins and is responsible for arthrosclerosis in the vessels. It has 10% of triglyceride and 45% of cholesterol
High density lipoprotein (HDL )
The high HDL content is associated with decrease in the risk of atherosclerosis it contains about 3% of triglyceride and 20% cholesterol.
Besides these lipoproteins, the Other parameters which are of interest in CHD ( Coronary heart disease) include
Total cholesterol
Serum total cholesterol equals the sum of HDL cholesterol HDL-C VLDL cholesterol VLDL-C and LDL cholesterol LDL-C high level of cholesterol is associated with high risk of atherosclerosis.
Triglycerides
The triglyceride rich lipoprotein include chylomicrons, VLDL and intermediate density lipoprotein IDL. Their levels increase by many dietary factors such as calories fat, carbohydrates and alcohol. Indians are genetically more susceptible to developing hyper-triglyceridemia as compared to Europeans primarily due to our cerial based diets.
Apoproteins
Apo proteins are closely related to lipids as they maintain the solution of lipoprotein lipids in plasma. Measurement of apo protein levels aids the diagnosing disorders of lipids and preventing the risk of cardiovascular disease. The apo proteins include A1, A2, B100, B48, C1, C2, C3 and E. Proteins A1 and A2 are associated with HDL the good lipoprotein and the rest are associated with not so good lipoproteins.
It would be interesting to note here that the clinical reports of most cardiac patients would indicate the levels of above mentioned parameters interpretation and utilizing this information for planning a dietary Regime of the patient is possible.
The normal and elevated levels indicative of disease condition for some of these parameters
| The Total Cholesterol ( mg/ dl) | <200 | Desirable |
| 200-239 | Borderline | |
| >240 | High | |
| Triglyceride ( mg/ dl) | <150 | Normal |
| 150 – 199 | Borderline | |
| 200 – 499 | High | |
| >500 | Very High | |
| HDL- C ( mg/ dl) | < 40 | Low |
| 40 60 | Normal | |
| >60 | High | |
| LDL- C ( mg/ dl) | <100 | Optimal |
| 100-130 | Near Optimal | |
| 130-160 | Borderline | |
| 160-190 | High | |
| >190 | Very high |
| Cholesterol HDL -C | 3.3-4.4 | Low Risk |
| 4.5-7.1 | Average risk | |
| 7.2-11 | Moderate risk | |
| >11 | High Risk |